The size and capacity of these battery storage systems would historically have been found in commercial or industrial installations where only service personnel would have access. You can also use the thermostat's app to control the temperature. __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); This course provides an understanding of industrial high and low voltage power systems including safe operation on a wide range of power equipment. 2001 - Smartpower introduced the Top Mount series, specifically designed to be mounted on the top of a vehicle. OPERATION Ensure batteries are installed (refer to battery wiring section). For example, Figure 3 shows the percentage of IT and security executives from critical infrastructure enterprises located in 14 countries around the world reporting large-scale distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks and their frequency. [3]. /* Function to detect opted out users */ ALEXANDER GRAHAM BELL VS. THOMAS EDISON Since it is imperative that the industry maintain 100% uptime, both the physical security of the AMI system hardware and multiple standard IT security features like encryption and authentication must be provided for. hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; The usage of SPFC is required at each level of distribution, transmission and generation systems in a clustered form. 2004. } modeling, robust control, dynamic interaction in interdependent layered networks, disturbance propagation in networks, and forecasting and handling uncertainty and risk. 2022 Same Page Publishing. Electric terrorism: grid component targets, 19942004 (source: Journal of Energy Security). if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { P. H. Corredor and M. E. Ruiz, Against all odds, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. It is made available to members of the Society at no additional cost, and to non-members by subscription. Specifically, with rapid advances in digital technologies, smart digital devices such as smart sensor transmitters, electrical protective devices and variable speed drives, are increasingly used at many nuclear power plants. [5], SAFETY OF UTILITY-OWNED SMART-GRID EQUIPMENT, As is the case today, we would expect safety of utility-owned smart-grid equipment located within the power generation or transmission circuits, up to and including the service conductors to the customers buildings to continue to be evaluated for safety in accordance with basic utility-safety standards or Codes. Within less than a year after the August 2007 collapse of the I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, Minnesota, a city of sorts on the south side of the former bridge took shape, complete with a host of heavy-duty equipment pieces, temporary on-site areas for casting and other tasks, and crews constantly at work. return true; However, if islanding prevention fails, energized lines within the island present a shock hazard to unsuspecting utility line workers who think the lines are dead.[6]. A security framework is considered as the skeleton on which various elements are integrated for the appropriate management of security risk. Abi-Samra has acquired a diverse background in power systems holding high-level positions at various companies including: Senior Vice President - DNV GL (Kema) Vice President - Quanta Technology Senior Manager - Smart Grid Services Senior Technical Executive - Accenture Senior Technical Director - EPRI Manager/Fellow - Westinghouse Electric Corporation Adjunct Professor - Carnegie-Mellon University Abi-Samra's industry honors include: Read More. This system, illustrated in Figure 5 and described in the following section, allows companies to capitalize on rapid-fire strategic challenges and retain their stability [1]." The Solution: SAFe Offers a Dual Operating System. if (em_track_user) { In the smart grid (SG), energy management guarantees supply and demand balance while adhering to all system restrictions for cost-effective, dependable, and safe electrical system operation [4-7]. 'page': 'page_path', hitObject = arguments[1]; /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. The system can't perform the operation now. That is, rather than develop a single standard for, say, a new electrical service equipment with intelligence, for a smart meter, it would make sense to continue to use the base product safety standard for meters, but plug-in the additional telecommunications and information technology safety modules. 'eventAction': 'event_action', All of these infrastructures are complex networksgeographically dispersed, nonlinear, and interacting both among themselves and with their human owners, operators, and users (see Figure 1). Our complete line of power solutions give you the reassurance of knowing that no matter what issues come your way, your equipment will be safe. Creating Custom Bells; Guardian Bells. function __gtagDataLayer() { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); Nevertheless, the goal of transforming the current infrastructures into self-healing energy delivery, computer, and communications networks with unprecedented robustness, reliability, efficiency, and quality for customers and our society is ambitious. 2023 TSG Security. $(document).ready(function() { A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. To operate the electric systems in safe mode, the power system component should be equipped with intelligent controllers. Home About Us Contact These smart power systems yield a 77% increase in efficiency, lower the total cost of ownership, and gather data about the health of power, battery backup, and critical access control and security devices. These include: In addition, AMI systems will need to be defended against more traditional cyberthreats such as mobile and malicious code, DoS attacks, misuse and malicious insider threats, accidental faults introduced by human error, and the problems associated with software and hardware aging. The equipment would be located outdoors and be installed in a weatherproof housing. 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. } Smart GridSafe, Secure, Self-Healing | IEEE Power & Energy Magazine Despite some similarities, the electric power grid is quite different from gas, oil, and water networks: phase shifters rather than valves are used, and there is no way to store significant amounts of electricity. padding: 0 !important; 11741181, July 2009. Easy operation. } f.hitCallback(); Defense mechanisms using deception can greatly increase the difficulty of planning and conducting successful attacks on a system by portraying control system response characteristics as random to attackers. Educating stakeholders and colleagues about the cyber and physical interdependencies has often been difficult, as those who are distinguished members of the community and understand power systems well but are less aware of their cybervulnerabilities routinely minimize the importance of these noveland persistentthreats. __gtagTrackerOptout(); This state-of-the-art safety standard classifies energy sources, prescribes safeguards against those energy sources, and provides guidance on the application of, and requirements for those safeguards. Additionally, the charging station terminal where the user pays for and plugs in his electric vehicle needs to be made safe so that unskilled persons may use the station. if (hitObject) { if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { An audit of 30 utility companies that received the alert showed that only seven were in full compliance, although all of the audited companies had taken some precautions. This is the reality that needs to be addressed. The benefits of smart energy infrastructure are improved reliability, supply integration, shorter outages, increased efficiency, consumer cost-saving, and customer satisfaction 6. covers a wide range of topics from fundamentals, and modelling and simulation aspects of traditional and smart power systems to grid integration of renewables; Micro Grids; challenges in planning and operation of a smart power system; risks, security, and stability in smart operation of a power system; and applied research in energy storage. The threat of a Trojan horse embedded in the control center software can only be addressed by means of careful security measures within the commercial firms that develop and supply this software along with careful security screening of the utility and outside service personnel who perform software maintenance within the centers. }; 3, pp. .wp-block-navigation a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){color: inherit;} Power-monitoring equipment is listed as examples of Category III equipment, or equipment that will be an integral part of the building wiring. }); return; })(); 40, no. The various elements considered by CIGRE include security domains, baseline controls, and security processes.
Part of the problem is that the existing control systems, which were originally designed for use with proprietary, stand-alone communication networks, were later connected to the Internet (because of its productivity advantages and lower costs) but without adding the technology needed to make them secure. These switches are convenient for driving LEDs, relays, and motors. The best way to approach this new, merged technology is to break it down into its component technologies, then use existing or new standards to evaluate safety issues involving the component technologies. The total cost of a stronger transmission system would be about US$82 billion over the next decade. }; The machine will turn on. From a strategic viewpoint, long-term developments and research issues relating to the defense of cyber and physical interdependent infrastructure networks must also be considered. It may be necessary to use surge protection devices, either integral to the equipment, or externally connected to limit transient voltages from Overvoltage Category III and IV to Overvoltage Category II. } A smart grid is literally an "intelligent" electricity grid. Currently, in the United States alone it is estimated that US$6 billion is lost by electricity providers to consumer fraud in the electric grid. } When an island is created purposely by the controlling utilityto isolate large sections of the utility grid, for exampleit is called an intentional island. Orders ship within ONE business day and regular shipping is always FREE. To protect control systems, well-established information security practices must also be utilized. Indeed, they have provided much of the high standard of living that the more developed countries enjoy. One security feature alone, such as encryption, will not be able to cover all the possible security threats. With this, we should expect a modular approach in evaluating the safety of these appliances, whereby we evaluate the communication subsystems as we would for communication equipment and information technology equipment (ITE), while the bulk of the appliance is evaluated in accordance with the basic safety standard that normally applies to such appliances. We would not expect any commercial or government establishments to give away free electricity, so we should expect to see the rise of pay-for-use charging stations, integrating technologies such as electrical metering, switching, information technology, telecommunications, and currency-handling technology. A model representation of a population of battery energy storage system (BESS)-based DERs such as smart electric vehicles (EVs) charging, large-scale BESSs, and residential and non-residential BESSs, are highlighted. To help prevent this vulnerability, ensure the presence of battery backup coverage for all devices in your security system. if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { Smart power systems improve the security of equipment, protected assets and people. p.send = function () { This article is a survey of smart grid literature till 2011 on the enabling technologies for the smart grid. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. By
In April 2009, The Wall Street Journal reported that cyber spies had infiltrated the U.S. electric grid and left behind software that could be used to disrupt the system. Figure 2 shows the percentage of terrorist attacks aimed at each of the major grid components. Data stored at the meter and transmitted over communication networks must also meet standard cybersecurity requirements, including confidentiality, integrity, availability, and nonrepudiation. However, the unexpected spread of COVID-19 has provided a new perspective in power system operation planning studies, which have highlighted the emerging roles of public health and political measures in profiling the electricity consumption. The report concluded: Terrorists could emulate acts of sabotage in several other countries and destroy critical [power system] components, incapacitating large segments of a transmission network for months. hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; }; hitObject = { a fiber optic router); Smart distribution boards and circuit breakers integrated with home control and demand response (behind the meter from a utility . Emerging standards fall well short of achieving this ultimate goal. .wp-block-pullquote{font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} This translates into a need for much greater creepage and clearance isolation distances, as well as much higher electric-strength withstand voltages. if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { Hazard-Base Safety Engineering Standard IEC 62368-1 The days and months that followed required extraordinary efforts from many, including alumni of the University of Minnesotas infrastructure systems engineering program. S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. New technologies called Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) sample voltage and current many times per second at a given location, providing a snapshot of the power System at work. Online Asynchronous.This course is entirely web-based and to be completed asynchronously between the published course start and end dates. Research findings suggest that human and organizational factors do affect computer and information security performance in a multilayered fashion. Rochester, The Handbook of Research on Smart Power System Operation and Control is a collection of innovative research on the theoretical and practical developments in smart power system. 5, pp. } else { Increased integration of large-scale renewable energy systems . Power system security - Introduction Practically, the power system needs to be secured.We need to protect it from the black out or any internal or external damage.The operation of the power system is set to be normal only when the flow of power and the bus voltages are within the limits even though there is a change in the load or at the generation side. Plugs into a standard wall socket. 'timingVar': 'name', IEEE, vol. } The threats posed by insiders are real, as is the risk of a Trojan horse embedded in the software of one of more of the control centers. var p = Tracker.prototype; helpers: {}, With Smart Power Systems, you'll be able to maximize your space and your system operations in the most efficient and effective manner through a unique computer grade-filtering option. 2, pp. body{--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: 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